箱式電阻爐的結(jié)構(gòu)
Box type resistance furnace structure

    圖中給出了爐體結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖，由爐架、爐殼、爐襯、爐門裝置、電熱元件及輔助裝置構(gòu)成。爐架的作用是承受爐襯和工件的負載，通常由型鋼焊接成一框架，外包鋼板。爐殼的作用是保護爐襯，加固電爐結(jié)構(gòu)和保持電爐的密封性，常用鋼板復(fù)貼在鋼架上焊接而成，設(shè)計合理的爐架和爐殼應(yīng)具有足夠強度。小型箱式電阻爐也可不設(shè)爐架，用厚鋼板焊接成爐殼，也可起到爐架的作用。
The figure given furnace body structure diagram, the hobs, furnace shell, lining, door device, electric components and auxiliary device.Hob is the role of bearing lining and work load, usually made of steel and welded into a frame, steel plate.Furnace shell's role is to protect the lining, reinforcing furnace structure and maintaining furnace sealing, commonly used steel complex attached to the steel frame is welded, the rational design of furnace and the furnace shell should have sufficient strength.Small box-type resistance furnace can also be provided, with thick steel plate welded into a furnace shell, can also play the role of hob.

1-底座；2-觀察孔;3-爐門;4一熱電偶;5-爐殼; 6-電熱元件;7--耐火材料;8-保溫材料;9-爐架
1- 2- 3- base; observation hole; door; a 4 thermocouple; 5- furnace shell; 6- electric heating element; 7-- refractory insulation material; 8-; 9- hobs

    爐襯的作用是保持爐膛溫度、減少熱量損失。良好的爐襯材料不僅要有一定的耐火度、抗急冷急熱性，而且蓄熱量還要少。爐襯由耐火材料和保溫材料組成，靠近電熱元件是耐火材料，緊靠外殼的是保溫材料。為了減少熱量損失，一般高溫箱式電阻爐的爐襯采用三層隔熱設(shè)計，內(nèi)層采用耐火材料，如高鋁磚砌的耐火層;中間層和外層采用保溫材料，如用輕質(zhì)薪土磚、硅藻土粉、蛙石粉或纖維制品等。中溫箱式電阻爐爐襯由輕質(zhì)耐火磚和硅酸鋁耐火纖維等輕質(zhì)耐火、保溫材料砌成，在靠近爐殼的一層填充有蛙石粉。由于低溫箱式電阻爐的溫度較低，耐火層、保溫層的材料要求不高，采用一般的耐火磚和纖維都可滿足要求。
The lining of the role is to maintain the temperature in the furnace, reducing heat loss.Good lining material not only to have a certain degree of fire-resistant, thermal shock-resistant, and even less heat storage.Lining made of refractory material and heat insulating material, close to the heating element is close to the outer casing is refractory, insulation materials.In order to reduce the heat loss, the general high temperature box type resistance furnace lining is made of three layers of insulation design, the inner layer is made of refractory materials, such as high aluminum brick refractory layer; the intermediate layer and the external layer by insulating material, such as brick, lightweight salary diatomite powder, frog powder or fiber products.Temperature box type resistance furnace lining is made from light refractory brick and aluminum silicate refractory fiber lightweight refractory, insulation brick, in close proximity to the furnace shell is filled with a layer of frog powder.Due to low temperature box type resistance furnace temperature is low, the refractory layer, insulating layer material requirement is not high, the general refractory brick and fiber can meet the requirements of.

    爐門裝置包括爐門及鎖定保護裝置，要求爐門裝置應(yīng)該密封良好，減少熱損。爐門一般用鑄鐵或鋼板制成，在爐門開啟裝置上安裝有安全限位開關(guān)，并與加熱控制電源關(guān)聯(lián)，爐門開啟時切斷控制電源，以便保護操作者的安全。為了便于觀察爐腔內(nèi)的加熱情況，在爐門中央通常設(shè)計有觀察孔。
Door device comprises a door lock protection device and door device should be sealed well, requirements, reduce heat loss.Door with iron or steel, in the door opening device is provided with a safety limit switch, and the heating power control association, the door open when cutting off the control power supply, so as to protect the safety of operators.In order to observe the heating furnace chamber in the oven door, central are usually designed with an observation hole.

    箱式電阻爐的電熱元件常采用碳化硅棒、二硅化鋁或金屬合金。碳化硅棒加熱溫度可達1350`C，垂直或水平安裝在爐腔的兩側(cè)，有的爐子安裝在爐腔的頂部和底部。二硅化鉑最高可達1600℃，但經(jīng)加熱后變得很脆，故通常嵌在耐火材料的凹槽內(nèi)，以防止在裝取工件時碰壞。二硅化鑰高溫工作后存在蠕變伸長的問題，安裝長度應(yīng)小于凹槽的長度，兩端留有一定的空間。相比之下金屬合金電熱元件在加工、安裝和使用方面較為方便，合理布置也能得到較好的溫度均勻性。目前溫度小于1000℃的箱式電阻爐大都采用金屬或金屬合金電熱元件。有關(guān)電熱元件的知識在后面章節(jié)中陸續(xù)講到。
Box type resistance furnace heating element is often used in silicon carbide rods, two aluminum silicate or metal alloy.Silicon carbide rod heating temperature can reach 1350`C, vertically or horizontally mounted on opposite sides of the cavity in the furnace, the furnace chamber some mounted on top and bottom.Two platinum silicide up to 1600 ℃, but upon heating and become very brittle, so it usually embedded in the refractory material groove, in order to prevent loading when the workpiece is damaged.The two silicide high-temperature work key exists after creep elongation problem, installation length should be less than the length of the groove, both ends have a certain space.Compared with metal alloys for electrical heating elements in the processing, installation and use is convenient, reasonable arrangement can also be a good temperature uniformity.Currently less than 1000 ℃, box-type resistance furnace adopts metal or metal alloys for electrical heating elements.On electrothermal element knowledge in subsequent chapters in succession at.

    箱式電阻爐采用熱電偶測量溫度，小型箱式電阻爐用一只熱電偶，大中型箱式電阻爐用多只熱電偶，直接插人爐腔，以便監(jiān)測爐腔內(nèi)不同點的溫度。通常情況下，溫度小于1000℃時使用鎳鉻一鎳硅(分度號K)的熱電偶，大于1000℃使用鉑鍺10一鉑(分度號S)的熱電偶。
Box type resistance furnace adopts thermocouple temperature measurement, small box type resistance furnace with a thermocouple, large and medium-sized box-type resistance furnace with multiple thermocouple, directly into the oven cavity, in order to monitor the oven cavity at various temperature.Typically, less than 1000 ℃ when using chromium nickel silicon (K thermocouple indexing), higher than 1000 ℃ using a platinum (Platinum germanium 10 graduated No. S) thermocouple.